as quite exceptional. The frequency of reference to elements from chapter 9 makes that exception stand out as all the more striking. . The War Scroll from Qumran is the only source from this period that relates directly to the interpretation of chapter 11. It applied the closing portion of that prophecy (vss. 40ff.) to a final eschatological war in the future and not back to Antiochus. The pattern then is that Antiochus is not found in Daniel 2, 7, or 9 by Jewish interpreters of this